q and a

Your letters - posted January 1, 2007 (Part 4)

Posted in Q & A on Jan 01, 2007

“Why is it that seemingly rational and well-educated individuals like Mohammad Atta [ringleader of the September 11 hijackers] could subscribe to such an interpretation of Islam, and perpetuate extreme violence in its name?” - Philip, Singapore

Irshad replies: You’re right to describe Mohammad Atta as seemingly rational. He grew up as a secular Muslim. He evolved into a moderate, not fundamentalist, Muslim. He certainly wasn’t dumb; Atta earned an engineering degree in Egypt and did his post-graduate work in Germany.

But too much rationality might have been part of Atta’s problem. He was never taught to think creatively or to live with uncertainty. He studied fields that required rote memorization and provided formulaic answers. His approach to the Koran reflected Atta’s need for cold, hard absolutes. As he wrote in his suicide note, “It is enough for us to know that the verses of the Koran are the words of the creator of the Earth and the planets.” Notice the words, “It is enough for us to know…”

However, it is not enough to know what the Koran says. For the Koran, like every scripture, is as much an historical document as a divinely inspired one. Only months before 9/11, a German professor of Middle East languages published research that showed the Koran’s promise for martyrs — namely, virgins in heaven — is based on the mis-translation of a word that more accurately translates into raisins! (This isn’t as crazy as it sounds. In 7th-century Arabia, raisins would have been pricey and exotic delicacies, worthy of exporting to heaven.)

What if Atta had known that key words about the hereafter can be legitimately contested, even when they appear in the Koran? That they may not all be the words of “the Creator of the Earth and the planets”? That the pay-off for self-immolation, never mind mass murder, is dubious? That the prospect of paradise is guesswork, not a guarantee? Maybe then he would have held back. Maybe. The possibility begs for attention.

Philip, I don’t pretend that this is the full answer to your question. Still, I do think it’s a vastly overlooked piece of it.

“Many people are of the opinion that you are extremely courageous to take certain positions. However, I don’t see you as courageous at all. Rather, you strike me as someone who is quite simply intelligent and honest, and who has the integrity not to compromise your intellect in order to fit in with the fashions, trends, and popular opinions that have been established by those who are pursuing their own selfish interests. As a result, when you speak, you make complete sense to me and you renew my faith in the fact that people - all people - may very well have a wonderful future on this earth together.” - Art

Irshad replies: Or not… Read the next email.

“You said you live in a democratic state and you have the right to voice your opinion. You are right. But that doesn’t mean you go around disrespecting other people’s religion. If I wrote a similar book addressing the same issues against Christianity, Judaism, Hinduism, etc, would I get similar support? NO!!

When I go out on the street or when I’m in the subway or when I’m in the mall shopping, all the white people shoot me dirty looks, treat me differently, call out names, plainly disrespect me! Where is your human rights law then?? How come you have teamed with these people instead of helping all the Muslims?? Have you gone on the other side???

The next time you write a book, think about what you are going to write. Because by writing this book you are hurting and disrespecting Muslims who do not think the same way as you. Thank you!” - Anonymous

“I am 17. I once asked the same types of questions to my local mosques that you have asked. At first I was rebellious and thought that Islam treated women wrong. Then I started to look into the beauty behind it… You have to realize that Islam is a struggle for a reason. A huge reason. Islam can never be western, eastern, northern, southern, or whatever. It’s a state of its own. And yes I realize that many Muslims are doing injustice, but come on now. Who isn’t? I mean, be realistic… Islam is the most beautiful thing you can ever witness in this life, and a life has not been properly lived if you have not not experienced it. ” - Noreen

Irshad replies: Okay, Noreen, since you insist on being realistic, let me ask you something. When you call Islam “the most beautiful thing,” are you describing Islam in its REAL or in its IDEAL form? Let’s face it: Everything is wonderful in its ideal state. Communism is egalitarian as an ideal. Capitalism is fair as an ideal. The U.S. Constitution bestows liberty and justice for all — in its ideal. As many Muslims will attest, the realities are very different. As a person of conscience, I, then, have to confront of the realities of Islam.

By the way, I think Prophet Muhammad would have embraced this distinction between the real and the ideal. He was reportedly asked, “What is religion?” And he reportedly replied, “Religion is the way we conduct ourselves toward others.” By that distinction, how we Muslims behave — not in theory, but in reality — is Islam. As you’ve acknowledged, “many Muslims are doing injustice.” We’re capable of doing better, and thereby living up to Islam’s ideals. But we’ll never get there if we ignore what ails the faith today. Rather than sanitizing Islam, let’s get real.

“Irshad, you have really helped me, an Arab teenage male of 17 years. Your speech brings a smile to my face, especially when you battle those ‘Islamic scholars’ with information they have misused. May Allah bless you.” - Hani

“I heard you on National Public Radio. The interview made me think about crusades, jihad, etc. I wonder if all religions go through a period of crusading. Christianity (my religion) certainly did and it seems that this is where Islam is today. Are crusades a part of the growth process for religions in general? Thanks for making everyone think.” - Matt

Irshad replies: Everyone? Not quite yet…

“Well, I can’t greet you in the normal Muslim way because you are a kafir [infidel] according to the Muslims, so ‘Hi.’ You are another one of the jews’ stunts in their little game to demolish and disgrace Islam. For a couple of bucks, you sold out Islam. Marvelous. First of all, the Koran (5:3) says that Islam is PERFECT, so it doesn’t need any reform. The Prophet left a complete religion before he passed away.

Why do you call yourself a Muslim? We really don’t need an itch on our asses. Please affiliate yourself with some other religion. I’m sure the Christians would embrace a lesbian with open arms.” - Siddique

Irshad replies: You’re correct about one thing — many liberal Christians have embraced me. It’s the right-wing Christians who spurn my advances, and for the same reasons you do: the fact that I’m a lesbian who challenges literalism. Don’t you see what this means? You have something in common with the Christians whom you so despise! God, I love building bridges.

But I think you’re wrong about something else. You say that Muslims don’t need an itch on their asses. Actually, every society, culture, and religion needs gadflies — those annoying little critters who pick away at the herd mentality by asking questions out loud. Consider Martin Luther King Jr. He was told by his fellow clergymen (those damned Christians again) that by advocating basic human rights, he would be creating needless tension. MLK’s response? “I must confess that I am not afraid of the word ‘tension.’ I have earnestly opposed violent tension, but there is a type of constructive, non-violent tension which is necessary for growth… We must see the need for non-violent gadflies to create the kind of tension in society that will help men rise from the dark depths of prejudice and racism to the majestic heights of understanding and brotherhood.’ Martin Luther King was an ‘itch on the asses’ of plenty of Christians. The time has come for Muslims to do some serious scratching.

“I watched you arguing with two other Muslims on TV. You were being asked why you were airing dirty laundry outside; why not work within the community to change it. The closest analogy that comes to mind is that of corporate whistle-blowers. They are always treated as traitors by the insiders, but they find that the only way they can effect change is from the outside. The people who think they are traitors don’t realize the amount of soul-searching agony that these people go through to make this decision. If you approached your community with these ideas, how far would you get and how diluted would your message have to be to become acceptable to ‘mainstream’ Muslims? To make things happen, you are forced to the outside. And your pain is their gain - though they would never admit it.” - Joe

Irshad replies: Want to hear that rare Muslim who does admit it? Here you go, Joe…

“My family and I are Muslims. I am a professor of literature. My wife is a physician. We would like to extend to your our profound thanks for speaking out about the ‘trouble’ in Islam. Your amazingly courageous stand has made my life much easier to bear because, ever since 9/11, I have been deeply troubled by my adoptive faith. You also make it easier for me to figure out what to say to my kids, who are 10 and 13.

I saw you being grilled on TV. Just by asking taboo questions, you brought out extreme emotions in your interlocutors, who were rooted in tribalism and literalism. I would apologize to you for some of the cheap shots you had to suffer. May you persevere in your quest and keep safe!” - Alamin

“I read your article, Challenging Islam is Risky. Why in the world should it be risky in the first place? Unless those who are offended by the challenge are pathologically insecure themselves? Finding themselves on shaky ground, the only answer they can come up with is ‘Kill the questioner!’ Now, that is hardly a persuasive defense of the truth they are supposed to believe in!” - Kalim

“I am a 41-year-old Arab-American born into this wonderful religion. The older I get, hopefully the wiser I become. I have always believed in being a Muslim but did not truly understand it until I married my husband, who helped me to understand by having an open mind. The beauty of his country and Islam is that you have the right as a human being to speak your mind and say what you need to say. The difference between Islam and all the other religions is that Islam has not been changed…

Perhaps you should continue trying to change people’s minds and not wasting your time trying to change a religion that has stayed true for 1500 years. Save the royalties you get from your book and instead of trying to reform Islam, give to Islamic charities.” - Darlene

Irshad replies: Your husband and I have something in common. I’m not here to change minds as much as to open them, and to my own opened. That’s a form of Islamic charity — one that requires a lot more time and thought than saving my royalties and writing someone a check.

“First step to save Islam is to establish freedom of speech that will allow debating what the Koran really means and how authentic the Hadiths (sayings of the Prophet Muhammad) really are. We need tolerance even to the point of blasphemy. Criticism of the Prophet and even God need to be allowed. I did read the Koran and I can interpret it in a way that will be more more humane than the traditional preaching of the mullah oligarchy. That is why I agree with others that it is Muslims that need to change first. Then we can reinterpret the religion without the religion without feeling like hypocrites.

I do feel that do not stress one fact — there are people who would like to see you exterminated just because you are Muslim. They do not care how liberal and open-minded you are. While we Muslims need to debate among ourselves, we will have to have a united front in our fight against hate-mongers.” - Abu, New Jersey

Irshad replies: Fair enough, Abu, but remember that hate-mongers come in all packages. Those who would like to see me exterminated, no matter how open-minded I am, include other Muslims. Check out the next letter…

“Irshad, your book is rubbish. Continue to be a factotum of Anglo-Saxon arrogance and hostility. People like you see the world through the eyes of the European - you know nothing about Islam. It is a pity that Idi Amin didn’t finish off you and your family.” - Adnan

“As a young Muslim living in the West, I must say that you have a lot of guts. I mean, saying that Islam needs to change. Whoa! I actually don’t mind Islam the way it is… The Quran was revealed over a period of time, so there are contradictions. But really, it’s called having FAITH. If you wanna say stuff about Islam, more power to you. But know, I am not too thrilled.” - Lavender

Irshad replies: Albert Einstein once said that “great spirits have always encountered violent opposition from mediocre minds.” What makes you a great spirit is not your point-of-view, but your willingness to let others have theirs. What a reasonable start to the liberal reformation of Islam.

“I have read the e-mails from your readers. The anti-’you writing this book’ folk really make me shudder. It is Muslims who live in the Western parts of the world who seem to severely criticize you, but who live behind the veil of freedom of speech.” - Alan

Irshad replies: I disagree, Alan. I hear support from Muslims throughout the West — and beyond. If I’ve posted more criticisms than support, it’s because I would rather err on the side of humility than hubris.

I disagree with something else. You describe those who oppose writing this book as as my “readers.” In most cases, they haven’t read the book at all. And that’s what makes me shudder.

“Irshad, you are a role model. I belong to Liberal International. Defending liberal ideals and human justice is the noblest of work and should be rewarded. You also welcome criticism, which is the rock of liberalism. Thanks for being a humane voice in a chaotic world.” - Ivan

“Thank you for your commentary on the murder of Theo van Gogh in Amsterdam. In the Netherlands we are shocked and we fear for our society. Van Gogh was a critic of Islam and often used offensive language to criticize Muslims… But he also showed sincere engagement with young Muslims in his movies, such as “Najib & Julia” and “Cool,” in which he addressed the problems of the lives of second generation Muslims in the West. Now he is dead, killed by a young Muslim fundamentalist from Amsterdam. Right now we are all afraid for what comes next, and I hope we can establish a dialogue between Muslims and non-Muslims about the way we can live peacefully together. Irshad, keep up doing the good work, for a lot of dialogue is needed right now.” - William, Amsterdam

Irshad replies: Dialogue with faithful Muslims, yes. Negotiation with hateful Muslims, no. Let’s be clear about that distinction. The good news, William, is that dialogue has a fighting chance. Hell, even Italy seems open to it, as you can see from the email below…

“I’m an Italian girl. This is only to say, go ahead and say the truth. I’ll try to do my best here in Rome with my friends, Muslims or non-Muslims. With all my love!” - Federica

“You mention in your article that you avoid a bodyguard partly because you don’t want to convey the message that criticizing Islam should be a fearful, paranoid project. I think the message should be conveyed that it is a terribly and tragically fearful project. Your rather cavalier fearlessness worries me…” - Erich

Irshad replies: I strive for balance, Erich. The point is not to be cavalier or paranoid, but to be prepared. And I am prepared. Thanks for your concern. Now how about showing me your courage?

“Just wanted to tell you that you have my full support. I’m a Muslim and I know how narrow-minded our people can be. But I vote for change and I’m sure there are many like me who are closeted about it. I’m glad to see that there is someone who is taking her beliefs and making them public. I hope you’re not letting the harsh critics get to you. Unfortunately, it comes with the territory.” - Abeed

Irshad replies: So does stamina, and I’ve got lots of it. But I can’t do this alone. Those who defend the status quo will never be convinced of the need for humility unless reform-minded Muslims turn our hunger for change into a visible phenomenon. You’re right: Islam has plenty of closet humanitarians. Come out, come out, wherever you are.

“I picked up the book and read it straight in about 5 hours yesterday. I do occasionally think you confuse the actions of Muslims with the religion itself, but that has been debated all over in other letters of yours. Other than that, I give you an anxious and fearful thumbs up. Thumbs up because your questions rage in my mind. Fearful because by asking and thinking these things, we may be forsaking our religion. I hope not.” - An anxious and depressed Muslim in the UK

Irshad replies: Why must the choice be between forsaking religion or keeping religion? Why not a third choice — transforming religion?

“U are one of the biggest morons in this world what makes you think you can change Islam or finish Islam off you cant period you cant do anything about it inshAllah I hope you come back to the right way Ms. Lesbian” - Anonymous

“I was raised Muslim and I am gay. Voices like yours and Al-Fatiha [support group for gay and lesbian Muslims] are great for intellectual/political thought. Thank you, thank you, thank you! However, on television, you said you do not know if your God approves of your same-sex orientation. Please know that your and our God loves and accepts diversity. God does not care if someone is male or female or whether their partner is male or female. Courageous and strong people like you are definitely the greatest expression of God through us in this world. Peace.” - Kristin

“The urgent need for the work you have undertaken cannot be over-emphasized. The stupidity that I see around me among Muslims here in the West, especially in the USA, is mind-boggling. I feel so overwhelmed by the situation that in spite of my conviction to combat irrationality I become irrational myself. I don’t really know how to channel my thoughts and energies into something of worth. I cannot fathom how a thinking person seeing this indoctrination in Muslims can retain his or her faith in a personal god. Or maybe this is because I came to the path of critical thinking through the mother of all questions — ie. does god exist? That is why it was fascinating more than illuminating to read you. Because with almost the same feelings that I have, you still seem to have faith. I wish you good luck.” - Muhammad

Irshad replies: I thank you for avoiding the irrationality of what I call “missionary atheists” — that is, atheists who become so orthodox in denouncing religion that they mimic religious fundamentalists by trying to convert me into ditching God. You’re a credit to your disbelief.

“I finished your book… and I liked it. What you are trying to do is very important and unless you are serious and ready to go all the way, don’t bother because you will not get anywhere. Everything is against you… woman/lesbian/non-Arab. So try to reign your sarcasm and be calmer during your discussions. On the other hand, I was surprised that you never mentioned anything about inheritance laws in the Koran… how unjust they are for women. You must look into that subject. God bless you.” - Ally

Irshad replies: I hope I’m not splitting hairs when I point out that there are no “laws” as such in the Koran. There are words, and those words are interpreted by men to shape laws. The key words here are “interpreted” and “men.” That is, the Koran says a daughter should receive half the inheritance of her brother, because her brother is expected to share his inheritance with family members in need. There are claims on a man’s income that, in theory, there aren’t on a woman’s. In reality, of course, this principle gets distorted by sharia courts, which in turn are influenced by patriarchal prejudices and convenient cultural biases. I hope I don’t sound like a Muslim apologist when I point out that in cases like this, Islam is not the problem; Muslims are. However, the fact that under almost every interpretation of Islam today, women suffer second-class status (at best) suggests that a deep problem does exist within Islam today. No apologia on my part. And, hopefully, no sarcasm either.

“Some of the things that you have mentioned in your book are correct. It is correct to say that things such as honour killings are carried out by crazy illiterate people in some areas of Pakistan. People are exploiting Islam for their own purposes and nothing is being done about it. But there is certainly something wrong with you when you question the authenticity of the Quran. You write this about the Prophet: ‘Sometimes, the Prophet himself had an agonizing go at deciphering what he heard.’ And you call yourself a Muslim. The source that you have used for this statement is someone called Karen Armstrong. Was this Karen Armstrong present when the Prophet received revelations?” - Fouad

Irshad replies: Nope, Karen Armstrong was not present. But your questions begs the obvious: Were you?

“ENEMY OF ISLAM, IF YOU SEIZE TO DESIST FROM YOUR CONDEMNATION OF ISLAM AND THE MUSLIM, YOU SHALL FACE THE WRATH OF ALLAH THE ALL-WISE WHOM YOU BLASPHEME AGAINST.” - Anonymous

Irshad replies: What’s blasphemous about following the Koranic verse that announces: “O Believers! Conduct yourselves with justice and bear true witness, even if it be against yourselves, your family or your kin” (4:135). Or the ones that says: “God changes not what is in a people until they change what is in themselves” (13:11). Or the passage that tells us: “There is no compulsion in religion” (2:256). Unless, of course, you cast doubt on those verses. In which case, who’s blaspheming?

“Just because you are odd, they picked you.
Not because you are intellectual.
Not because you are a free thinker.
Not because you are outstanding.
What is the common thing between the following three figures: Taslima Nasrin, Salman Rushdie and you?
I say: the three are self-haters.
And the West adores collecting these mummies.
Brothers and sisters, the caravan marches, and the dogs shout.” - Ali

Irshad replies: What a gorgeous poem. Almost hypnotic. But I’m a dog and I know only how to bark. So I must woof this question: Where is your vaunted caravan of Islam marching? To some human rights haven? To an oasis of independent thinking? Or to a destination called brain-dead? Enough shouting canines can interrupt the complacent slumber of people in the caravan. That’s when our doggedness will have served a purpose. Now if you’ll excuse me, I see a bone with my name on it.

“Hey there! I’m at page 46 and thoroughly enjoying myself. All these Muslim fundos scream about the Bible being changed, but they never accept the fact about the true compilation of the Koran. Omar [Prophet Muhammad’s third successor, under whose watch the Koran was compiled] f****ed around with it a lot and made his changes prevalent, just like Constantine did with the Bible. But we have to keep that strictly hush-hush, don’t we?

I’ve done a lot of reading on this and tried to have a few rational conversations about it with people, but unfortunately have yet to find even one who has any sense of history and the slightest inclination to put two and two together!!” - Kash

Irshad replies: Maybe you should hook up with the next reader. Be gentle with him; his language is, shall we say, more formal than yours…

“I am a Professor of New Testament exegesis in the Theological Faculty at the University of Helsinki, Finland. I have also studied the Qur’an. I have long been intrigued by the question: Could it one day be possible for Muslims to study the Qur’an with methods similar to those used in critical study of the Bible? Over the years, I have collected signs, however modest, pointing in that direction from the writings of Muslim scholars. But even the boldest writers seem to have shrunk from the consequences of their own reflections. For example, Fazlur Rahman and Abdullah An-Na’im are good at moral criticisms of the sharia [Islamic law], but do not go all the way when it comes to assessing the divinity of the Qur’an.

One is left wondering whether people are nevertheless asking questions beneath the surface. Your website suggests that this is indeed sometimes the case — and your book is a huge step forward.” - Heikki

Irshad replies: Among the most common emails I receive are those insisting that the Koran is perfect. Free of human editing. Virgin. So I honestly don’t foresee the day when critical thinking about the Koran will be as prevalent, or profound, as scholarship about the Bible and the Torah. For that day to come, Muslims who have questions about the Koran will need to express themselves openly.

The good news is that Muslims who respectfully question the Koran do exist. To be sure, most of them are quiet. What they require is not more rationality, but more courage. I can only hope that loud-mouths like me, through our very presence, will eventually convince them that it’s possible to dissent with orthodoxy, remain faithful and remain alive. Some say I’m naïve. The next guy would fall into that category…

“Unfortunately, there is no way to reform Islam without really changing its foundations. I studied philosophy in Cairo under a Muslim reformer named Dr. Hassan Hanfi. His attempts to renew Islam are not listened to by Muslims. Actually, he has been announced a kafir [disbeliever] by some Muslim scholars.

Most liberal attempts to reform Islam are doomed to fail. The Quran’s own fundamentals will not allow such reformation. We need to understand that Muslims believe the Quran is the ‘exact word of Allah,’ which means we have NO FREEDOM to interpret it the way we want.” - Iraqi ex-Muslim

Irshad replies: I can’t disagree with you that Muslims believe the Koran is the exact word of God. Even moderate Muslims believe, as an article of faith, that the Koran is infallible. On the surface, this doesn’t give us much room for reform. But the Koran is open-ended enough to support progressive interpretations and not just regressive ones.

Take the question of women’s equality. For all the Koranic passages that are hostile to women, there are plenty of other passages that empower women. For example, the Koran gives women the right to reject marriage. And those who choose marriage have the right to impose conditions on it (see Koran 4: 128).

Bottom line: Muslims who wish to “live by the book” have no choice but to make choices about what to emphasize and what to downplay. Selectiveness is inevitable. And that, in turn, means female-friendly interpretations of Islam are possible. It’s not the Koran that’s stopping us from promoting such interpretations. We Muslims, through fear, ignorance, laziness and prejudice, are stopping ourselves.

“As a card-carrying atheist, I wonder why you have not finally rejected Islam outright, and every other organised belief system for that matter? After all, it is only by accident of birth — who your parents were — that you are a Muslim. You were brainwashed from an early age into believing what you believe about Islam, when you were a vulnerable child. We hear so much about physical abuse of children, yet such mental abuse is actually defended in this country and many others!…

A terrific book on losing one’s religion was written by Dan Barker and is called Losing Faith in Faith – From Preacher to Atheist. As an atheist, I am bound to invite you to ‘Come on in, the water’s lovely’ as we say in these parts (Scotland)!” - Alistair

Irshad replies: Ali – forgive me for shortening your name to a Muslim moniker; we religious hangers-on can’t help ourselves — my answer to your question can be found over and over again in the letters archive. It can also be found in my recent New York Times commentary about Islam and Europe. If you disagree with my answer, by all means tell me. But for God’s sake (correction: for crying out loud), read my repeated answers and let’s move the conversation forward!

By the way, your parting sentence intrigues me. You say, “As an atheist, I am bound to invite you to ‘Come on in, the water’s lovely…’ Bound? By what? I thought the point of atheism was to fight bondage. Or are you implying that atheism can become a religion unto itself — complete with a metaphorical baptism in its ‘lovely waters’? Before I convert, I need to know what I’m getting myself into, water and all.

“You are a courageous lady. Keep telling the truth and please try to change your sexual orientation.” - Nasir, Pakistan

Irshad replies: What if “telling the truth” means being honest about my sexual orientation rather than trying to change it? Just a thought.

“I agree with virtually everything you say. However, I believe you have made two strategic errors. Firstly, your lesbianism is not relevant to the points you make and only gives your detractors another reason to malign you. Mentioning your sexuality in your book is unnecessary. Secondly, some of your critics believe what you say in your book is unsourced because you do not have footnotes on each page, but elsewhere.” - Azam

Irshad replies: You’re right that I’ve taken heat for both of these decisions. But let me explain why I stand by them. For starters, there’s no way I could have hidden my sexuality in a book whose sub-title, in most countries, is A Wake-Up Call for Honesty and Change. I would have been pilloried as a hypocrite — someone who won’t be honest about herself but has the temerity to urge others to do so. Yes, I could have chosen a different sub-title, but that wouldn’t have altered the fact that my book is still about the need for Muslims to be honest about ourselves and the diverse world we inhabit.

Which means an integral theme of my book is pluralism. If we’re going to get real, we Muslims have to own up to the fact that gays and lesbians are part of our universe. Moreover, according to the Koran, Allah deliberately designed the world’s multiplicity. Translation: homosexuals might be creatures of God! One way or the other, I would have had to address sexual orientation in my book. The twin themes of honesty and diversity necessitated me being out of the closet.

As for my source notes, I admit it was a gamble to put them on my website rather than in my book. Still, there are good reasons for doing so: I’m not clogging the conversational flow of my letter by interrupting every sentence with a footnote. Also, I’m keeping the book accessibly priced, especially for students. Adding paper to the book would have increased its cost. Finally, let me remind Muslims that the Koran advises us not to kill trees needlessly — yet another reason to avoid using more paper for source notes. Would my pious Muslim critics disagree with the Koran?

“I am a regular subscriber of TIME magazine and generally find the articles useful and informative. Imagine, then, how immensely annoyed I was to find a picture of you in a [commentary] article… Annoyed, I may add, and not angry or surprised. After all, one need only look at the ownership of the illustrious publication. I fail to see why so many Muslims, however well-intentioned they may be, care to waste high emotion on anything you have to say… You offer up countless quotes, allegedly from the Quran, to back up your arguments while at the same time contending that the Quran is not the Word of God. Why bother then? Does it not, by your own contention, weaken your argument? If what you are saying is so firm and solid then find material to establish it in its own right…” - Anam

Irshad replies: The only way to show the inconsistencies in the Koran is by quoting from it. But I’m not telling Muslims to believe that the Koran is worthless. Not at all. I’m sincere about helping to heal our religion from the inside, which is why I’ve taken the trouble to imagine solutions that are theologically legitimate. That means going back to the Koran. (See chapter 7.) That also means respecting the humane traditions of Islam – traditions such as ijtihad or independent reasoning. (See chapter 3.) Finally, legitimacy requires consulting sources far and wide, from the Koran itself to academic journals to the reports of institutions like the United Nations to proceedings from Islamic conferences to first-hand interviews. (See the sources and notes section of this website, where my ‘alleged’ quotes from the Koran are cited with full attribution. Feel free to double-check them for yourself.)

Anam, I understand why you’re annoyed with me. It’s not my credentials or TIME’s ownership that you’re concerned about. It’s your identity. As the journalist Christopher Hitchens observes, ‘If you have ever argued with a religious devotee, you will have noticed that [her] self-esteem and pride are involved in the dispute…’ I empathize. My own identity as a Muslim is challenged every day by correspondents like you. Yet I remain sufficiently secure in my faith to post an excerpt from your message and let readers reach their own conclusions. Faith, after all, is not threatened by dissent. Dogma, on the other hand, is.

By the way, it’s revealing that you “generally find the articles useful and informative” in TIME magazine. After all, just look at their ownership…

“As salaamu Aleikum, Sis. You really have touched my heart and head. I saw your interview in the Buddhist magazine, Shambala Sun. It was sent to me by interfaith friends. The issue also featured a dialogue with my former imam in New York City, Faisal Abdul Rauf. The combination made me almost so happy as to cry.

I admire you greatly and give thanks to Allah for the dignity of your approach to Islam. In fact, you are a traditionalist according to my studies. I am sad and concerned that many scholarly works that support your approach to Islam are being destroyed even as we speak by the thought police of the Wahhabi-style sects. Your voice and presence will generate hope, healing and restoration of ijtihad. Our faith would be impoverished terribly were you to leave. I ajbure you to stay and speak truth as a feminist, as our dear Prophet Muhammad was.” - Aminah

Irshad replies: No need to abjure, Aminah. I’m sticking around as long as I have integrity.

“A conversation between me and Irshad: Do you believe in praying five times a day?
Irshad: NO.
Do you believe that the Quran is the word of God and is perfect?
Irshad: NO.
Are you gay?
Irshad: YES.
Hey girl! Wake up. You are not Muslim. Not matter how much you would like to be part of this beautiful faith, the truth is that you are not Muslim. You know what I really hate about you? The fact that you come on TV and talk as an expert in Islam. Can you please stop portraying yourself as a Muslim?” - Anonymous

Irshad replies: Now that you’ve told me what you really ‘hate’ about me, you know what I really love about you? The fact that you’re rattled enough by my views that you had to write and tell me so. I appreciate you spending your breath and time on me. You made my gay — I mean, my day.

“I am gay and Muslim. Thanks for being my voice when I was silent. With a proper education, I hope to spread the fever you have given me.” - Jangir

Irshad replies: Infect only with intellect — and be contagious!

“I saw you interviewed on PBS and then read your book. You really spoke to what I have been feeling about my Islamic faith. After meeting several Muslims in college and studying with them for about four years, I became a convert to Islam. Many did not consider me Muslim, especially since I was a convert (and not Black).

I am wondering if anything can be done to promote scholarship among Muslims so that there are recognized voices who can speak from authority; scholars who can counter the voices of ‘desert Islam,’ as you put it. Are there any educational institutions anywhere in the world that are training imams to approach Islam from an enlightened, progressive stance? If not, what would it take to establish such an institution and staff it with progressive Muslims? “ - JB

Irshad replies: I don’t know of institutes that are training ‘progressive’ Muslim clerics. If readers of this website are aware of any, please pass on the info. Meanwhile, I can tell you that there are efforts to provide Muslim children with alternatives to a traditional madressa. For example, NetAid is an organization that’s financing public schools in some of the world’s hotbeds of Islamic radicalism — most notably, the NorthWest Frontier Province of Pakistan. There, NetAid has found imams who are willing to organize debates in their mosques. Debates about what? Get this: the theological legitimacy and practical virtues of educating girls. These debates foster a consensus in the community, especially among men, to go ahead and give girls a basic education in reading, writing and math. Notice that such a consensus could never be formed if it weren’t for support from the imams in the first place. Personally, however, I’m not convinced that producing liberal imams is the way forward. My informed hunch is that Muslims vest far too much power and faith in clerics — and that the real challenge is to reclaim independent thinking for ourselves.

In that spirit, I’m working on establishing a leadership center for young reform-minded Muslims. The idea is to educate them in the confidence of debate and dissent, give them a place to network face-to-face so they know they’re not alone, and then send them back to their communities to figure out the best local projects through which to open up Islam from within. What do you think?

“Bravo Irshad! I embraced Islam while studying theology at a Catholic College. At the time I was a practicing Jew, studying Arabic (among other things) and working for Palestinian causes. I do not wear hijab [head scarf] and I am single. While I’ve worked hard in the cause of Islam, I’ve never been fully accepted by the ummah [Muslim community] in America because of my appearance, my speech, my support of gay friends and my non-conformist attitude. I think of myself as an isolated believer as I live an hour south of the middle of nowhere in New Mexico and, as far as I know, there are no Muslims in my community.

I’ve spent the last 25 years trying to explain ‘ijtihad’ to Muslims and non-Muslims. From now on, I’ll just refer all questions to you. Thank you for writing and speaking and just being.” - Francine

Irshad replies: May we see the day when the questions about ijtihad are so plentiful that you’ll have to jump back in and help me answer them!

“What gives you the right to talk about Islam this way? You look like a fool trying to change Islam. Hopefully one day we won’t have to see or hear from you again. *You know why*… Here’s a tip, don’t travel to Muslim country’s if you know what’s good for you. Don’t even come near any mosques because I don’t want anything to happen to your pretty face…”

Irshad replies: Many thanks for your concern about me. You ask what gives me the right to say what I’m saying about Islam. I’ll refer you to my Frequently Asked Questions, since that’s the very first query I address. And your kind words about my looks have inspired me to add a new question to the FAQs — namely, ‘How do you get your hair that way?’

“I understand that you’ll be visiting several American cities and college campuses this fall. But you don’t list a book tour on your website. Can you please post your speaking engagements?” - Alyssa

Irshad replies: For security reasons, the Toronto police have asked me not to release my speaking schedule. It’s too easy for ill-wishers to plan ahead if they know my tour dates and cities. Of course, local bookstores, universities, think tanks and community centers usually publicize my appearances, but the fall-out from that is more easily monitored than the workings of would-be assassins who toil in relative anonymity. Security will be even more of an issue once the Arabic and Urdu translations of the book are available later this year.

For a taste of what I deal with almost every day, check out the next email…

“If you are travelling with an aircraft, I hope that your plane goes down and you burn to death. You piece of shit. Inshallah [God willing] Allah will make you suffer for all the bullshit you are spreading. DIE YOU BUSH DICK SUCKING MONSTER!!! HOPE YOU LIKE TO FUCK UR JEWISH SPYS!!!” - Amir

“I must tell you that I think what you are doing is extremely brave. And more than brave, it is essential if Muslims are to thrive (or only survive) in the future with some semblance of humanity about them. As you have said many times, you are holding onto your faith because you cherish it and believe it can better itself. You are more optimistic than I.

There has been a steady growth of conservatism in Islamic countries like Egypt and Afghanistan over the last half century. How can we undo this?”

Irshad replies: In The Trouble with Islam, I take the trouble to outline a global campaign to promote innovative approaches to Islam. I call this non-military campaign ‘Operation Ijtihad.’ All the details are spelled out in Chapter 7 of my book. Or you can read my recent column in The New York Times.

“You may be holding onto Islam, but I, for one, am now a secular humanist. Islam is a religion that hasn’t given the world anything valuable over the last few centuries. In countries where the religion is practiced we see the most horrid situations. Sure, there are lessons to be learned from Islam. It was the light of the world 1000 years ago. Now, it is darkness. Irshad, please keep up the fight to have Islam take its place alongside other religions.

It is especially refreshing to see that you are a lesbian. Who better to enlighten Muslims than a lesbian - something most reviled by the fanatics who have declared war on happiness, freedom, reason and everything else we should hold dear. Your very presence forces Muslims to think.” - Adnan

Irshad replies: If only it were that simple, Adnan. Read the next letter.

“The fact that you PUBLICLY admit to being a follower of a MAJOR SIN and perversion (lesbianism) is sufficient for the world’s Muslims to shun you entirely and see you as nothing more than a devil-inspired trouble-maker. If you had a drop of sincerity towards Islam, you would HIDE your perversion and not admit it. God has infinite mercy towards those who are sincere and hide their self and repent. But those who don’t care to hide their corruption have earned Allah’s wrath.” - Anonymous

Irshad replies: You say that “those who don’t care to hide their corruption have earned Allah’s wrath”. Does that mean Orwellian Islamic regimes are righteous, since they know how to hide corruption? And is it because you believe in hiding corruption that you won’t sign your name?

“Those who pervert the Truth in our signs are not hidden from us. Do what ye will: verily, He seeth (clearly) all that ye do.” - Ulas

Irshad replies: Wait a minute. I’ve just been told that pious Muslims hide the Truth from themselves. But if God can see right through the veneer, as you quote from the Koran, then what’s the point of hiding? (And, while we’re at it, what’s the point of veiling??)

“As a Muslim humanist (if there is such an animal) I can only say one thing… go girl. I was raised in a Muslim environment and I can understand why you are so intense about the issues. I may not agree with everything you say, but one thing is sure, we need more of you. Women in Muslim countries need a voice and a very loud one for that matter. Muslim men, as you already know, are quite hard of hearing.” - Michael

“I am planning on getting your book [because] I am looking for evidence to support my opinion that all faiths have a role to play in God’s grand scheme. I guess that means I am not a very good Christian.” - Kim

Irshad replies: Join the club.

“Somebody recommended your book to me. You can renounce Islam and go to another religion. No need to bash Islam. If you don’t like the teaching of Islam, just leave. Islam will not compromise. It is a religion sent by Allah. Nobody is forcing you to be a Muslim. As for the killing of the Jewish tribe by holy prophet (peace be upon him), well that just shows ignorance on your part. I know why he did it.” - Hamzah

Irshad replies: So do I. My question about why he did it is rhetorical, not literal. That is, if the Koran came to Prophet Mohammed as a message of peace, then why, even after receiving that message, did he command his army to kill an entire Jewish tribe? You’ve helped me illustrate, yet again, how deep literalism runs among Muslims today.

“I am a former Christian. I spent over 30 years in a Christian church and the reason I left can be summed up in the word you use, the lack of ‘ijtihad’ [independent thinking].

I have an absolute belief in God but I no longer believe in any religion. We as the human race are a marvelous creation and our minds are by far our greatest asset. Religion tends to dull the mind and rob us of the ability to use it in any way near what we are capable of.” - Bill

Irshad replies: In my case, religion has been a something of a Godsend. You see, it’s provided a counterweight to secularism and prevented me from becoming an automaton of consumer culture. Thanks to religion — or my rebellion against it — I learned to distinguish between authority (eg. one’s conscience) and authoritarianism (one’s clerics).

Maybe I could have learned this without religion. Still, growing up with Islam didn’t diminish my capacity to learn it. Indeed, the “trouble” with Islam might just have increased my incentive to pay attention! The Lord really does work in mysterious ways…

“My question is: Have u ever read the Quran?? Coz if u r a real moslim u would have accepted what Allah told you without debating him. This is if U REALLY BELIEVE in Him. In all that u wrote on the site, u never said any word from the Quran or hadith [the reported sayings of Prophet Muhammad]. U just talked about experiences here and there with people, and I can tell u many other experiences also about non-muslims. What u see is no criteria to judge islam. Islam is the religion of Allah. It is the law that Allah put for us to help us, yet we face his Good with bad and disobedience.” - Proudly Moslem Educated Girl

Irshad replies: Not quite, sister. I do quote the Koran on my Frequently Asked Questions page, in response to the query: ‘What gives you the right to say what you’re saying?’ Answer: The Koran does! I hope you like the passage I’ve picked. Which should also address your question about whether I’ve “even read the Quran.” Answer: Yep. And I’ve re-read it enough to know that it says: “God changes not what is in a people until they change what is in themselves.”

My question for you is: What are you changing about yourself? Will you start by reading my book, just as I’ve read the Koran? No need for to quote from my book — it contains at least as many contradictions as the Koran does. At least I’m honest enough to acknowledge that.

“I have read your book. The gem you offer is that you separate actual Islam from desert foundamentalism. [Irshad’s note: ‘Foundamentalism’ is the defensive pre-occupation with Islam’s founding moment, a pre-occupation that reinforces the values of 7th-century Arabia.] It is important to remind Muslims that a lot of Arab culture is being cunningly passed on as religion. The headscarf is a cultural requirement, not an Islamic one, yet France’s ban on the hijab is being presented by mullahs as anti-Islam. Headscarves for women and beards for men are mandated for political subjugation.

However, you cast doubt on some verses of the Quran. My question is: If we were to admit that not all of the Quran is divine, then what is Islam and what is not?”

Irshad replies: Just as it’s important to distinguish between Islam and Arab culture, so, I think, it’s vital to make the distinction between a book that’s divinely authored and divinely inspired. I have no problem conceiving of the Koran, like all holy books, as divinely inspired.

But divinely authored? The fact that Prophet Muhammad relied on others to transcribe what he thought he heard, the fact that scribes wrote on a patchwork of surfaces, the fact that these verses were compiled several decades after Prophet Muhammad’s death, the fact that the compilers arranged the verses by length rather than by chronology of revelation, the fact that Islamic philosophers have long spoken about ’satanic verses’ that accidentally made their way into the Koran, the fact that Arabic is a richly symbolic language in which one word can have multiple meanings — all this, and more, points to the probability of human editing and therefore human error. In Chapter 2 of my book, I lay out the Koran’s contradictions on major human rights issues, from women’s equality to religious pluralism to slavery.

But — and it’s a big but — for all of the contradictions, there are three messages in the Koran that consistently leap out at me. I’ve found all three of these messages at the beginning, middle and end of the text, suggesting they’re central to the message of the book, no matter how you slice, dice or compile it. Taken together, these messages are how I define “what is Islamic” to me:

Message 1: Only God know fully the truth of anything. Message 2: God alone can punish disbelief (which makes sense given that only God knows fully the truth of anything). Message 3: Our resulting humility sets us free to explore the Koran without having to tow a dictated line. The bottom line: Muslims must be ensure freedom of exploration. And we must ensure it for everyone. Because anything less undermines God’s jurisdiction as the supreme judge and jury.

And who are we to corrupt monotheism?

“Though many accuse you of hating Islam, I believe one does not go out on a limb like this unless one truly does care. Perhaps it is fitting that much like Luther, who posted his 95 theses fourteen centuries after the founding of Christianity, you posted your ‘theses’ about Islam on your website as Islam approaches its 1400th anniversary in 2022. Few would disagree that Christianity was changed for the better post-Reformation.

I would urge Muslims who are not native Arabic speakers to read the Koran translated into their native tongue. If nothing else, it would provide them with a more reasoned faith. May the spirit of Ijtihad spread!” - Chris

Irshad replies: You may get your wish yet, Chris. Check out the next email, sent mere minutes before yours…

“Only the sky is the limit for you, Madame Manji. Forge ahead! Thanks for having the moral courage to say loudly what some are only whispering. Thanks for saying what some of us can’t or won’t. Ijtihad should be the operative word nowadays.” - Habib

“I’m delighted to discover the source notes on your website. I’m at Chapter 5 and some of the details begged for back-ups. For example, the 1939 offer to Palestinians of full statehood in 10 years. Pity the publishers did not think to include your notes in the book.” - Bernadette, Sydney, Australia

Irshad replies: Mea culpa, Bernadette. It was me who decided to put the source notes on my website instead of in the book itself. I decided this because I didn’t want to interrupt the conversational flow of the open letter, because I didn’t want to kill more trees by adding paper to the book, and because I wanted to keep the book affordably priced for ordinary people, especially youth.

Besides, were it not for putting the source notes on my website, you might not have visited and told me what you think. See how this works?

“Great book, great title, and I personally think that your book has already started having an effect on the Muslim community. People are talking about it at congregations and other gatherings. We need tools such as your book to start the introspection process and keep it moving forward.

I agree with some of the things you say and disagree with others. I personally feel that if you’d spent more time in the Occupied Territories, it could have given your book more balance as well as silence the critics that say your project has Zionist motives - just my two cents.

Please keep thinking and pouring out your thoughts. May Allah give you a long and healthy life so that you can keep assisting the Muslim communities with introspection and ijtihad.” - Salima

Irshad replies: In fact, I’ve spent more time in the Occupied Territories and have updated my observations for the British edition of The Trouble with Islam. Of course, that hasn’t stopped critics from charging Zionist motives. It’s an easy deflection. But you and many other Muslims are seeing through it. You must be a Jew.

“Thank you for helping al-Islam grow in the West. Your calculated efforts to make unnatural sexual relationships acceptable will not be successful. Anyone who approaches al-Islam with an open heart and mind (or as a sincere seeker of truth) will not go away unaffected by it.

Question: What is your race, ethnic make-up and native tongue?” - Bobby, North Carolina

Irshad replies: If your need to play the race card makes you a “sincere seeker of truth,” then call me insincere — and proud of it — anytime!

“I had an Egyptian friend (not all that religious) and told him about your wonderful book — especially your point about the need for an open dialogue. He was not pleased. We began to argue about the issues (women’s rights, Arab cultural influence on the Koran, suicide bombers, homosexuality, anti-Semitism). In his stubbornness, so determined to win, he even agreed with me when I said, “So the world was created in seven days?” And this guy claimed to be an atheist!

Which made me realize how difficult it is to be a Muslim in the West. On the one hand, you see things wrong with how the fundamentalist clerics are leaving no room for discussion, and on the other hand, you have to defend against the ignorance of people who know very little about religion (their own included).

After the conversation, with all these problems, I found myself thinking, ‘I’m glad I’m not a Muslim.’ But it shouldn’t be like that. For example, I’m a black guy. There used to be this saying in the Black American intellectual crowd of the 1970s, ‘You can’t be a black man without being angry.’ Being born in Africa, I thought this was absurd.

With your dialogue, what you show people is that there is another way.” - Milton

“You are part of the problem, not the solution. Part of the actual solution is for Muslim people to start acting like true Muslims. They need to say their prayers and follow the Quran, not do whatever they like during the week, then go to Friday prayers, and then not talk about Islam for the rest of the week. They should participate in community events, become active with soup kitchens, homeless shelters [and] civil rights… By the way, when was the last time you actually prayed? Try it. It might help you. Remember that Allah can forgive anything.” - Nassir

Irshad replies: The last time I prayed was a few seconds ago, when I asked God to help me figure out where the devil you’re coming from when you call me part of the problem. What I mean is, I agree with you that Muslims are morally empty if we “go to Friday prayers and then not talk about Islam for the rest of the week.” Being the author of this book forces me to pray for strength regularly and talk about Islam every day of the week! You then lump me into the same group of Muslims who ignore “soup kitchens, homeless shelters [and] civil rights.” Odd. Here I thought my book is exactly about promoting human rights. You might not like my conclusions, but we seem to share basic values.

Perhaps you should pray for the open-mindedness to actually pick up a copy of my book and read it. As you’ve already acknowledged, God can forgive you for doing so.

“Your book sure made me remember my reaction after 9/11. Without knowing anything about Islam or the Muslim world, I would furiously chastise others as racists and anti-Muslim bigots for criticizing Islam or even Muslim societies.

Is it possible for tolerance to become a blinding dogma? I think some of the equations I used to make (oppression of women in Islamic countries = plastic surgery, commercialization of our sexuality in the West) and I think: yeah, when tolerance relies heavily on moral relativism, it does become a blinding dogma. It did for me, until I started learning more about Muslim countries and reading about Islamism and Sharia laws. That’s when I had to stop and do a little self-questioning about what I really believe in and value, and whether being tolerant of intolerance is something that made sense. It didn’t.

I think you’ve written a very important book at a very critical time in our world. Three cheers for progressive Muslims such as you to reform Islam” - Alexandra

“Here is a point that might help to enhance your reform movement — don’t call it reform. Reform means an earthquake of change and losing Islam. A great Jewish philosopher said that Reform Judaism has made the Jewish identity extinct. This movement has made Jews into Jews without believing in the Torah.

So, I disagree with you: Islam does not need reform. The Muslim people and their mindsets need to be reformed. The more they are introduced to modernity, to American culture, and to diversity, the more they will become open-minded without losing an inch of Islam. And at the end, tolerance will prevail.” - Nazir

Irshad replies: Frankly, every Reform Jew I’ve ever met believes in the value of the Torah. What they also believe is that there’s no shame — and, indeed, great value — in asking questions of their sacred text. By doing something similar, Muslims are violating nothing more than intellectual tribalism. Wasn’t tribalism the very scourge that Islam promised to vanquish?

Sorry you don’t like the word “reform.” Try “reconstruction.” Or is that word tarred by the botched effort to re-build Iraq?

“Irshad, you remind us that a simple question may be the most liberating act we undertake. We need to feel discomfort and doubt. We need to feel uncertain at times because this will inspire us to find new places of understanding and knowledge. We need to do this for ourselves as well as for each other. Isn’t this the gift of being alive?

Whilst reading your book, I felt uncomfortable and I didn’t agree with everything you said. But, hey, I’ve been really busy thinking about it all. I don’t consider myself a religious woman, but I am a spiritual one. Now I feel like I’m a spiritual woman with attitude!” - Christine, Australia

“It is an epidemic the way Muslim children are thrown out of their homes and disowned, simply because they have questions and cannot comply with the rote answers that are given to them by their parents and imams.

I am no stranger to this problem, as my family disowned me because I refused to be a Muslim according to their standards. Had there been an open dialogue in my home, my life as a teenager would have been very different. I do not blame my parents for any of this. My father once confided to me that he wished he could allow me to question Islam and go against it with free will. But his faith simply did not allow it. This shows that he feels trapped by his faith. He is afraid of questioning the Quran and God. He was taught that, according to his religion, a heathen daughter must be disowned, even though it broke his heart to do it.

I blame this fear of questioning Islam primarily on the untouchability of the Quran. There is an alleged promise from God to preserve the Quran in its true form, like no other religious text before. Because of this, many Muslims feel that the Quran must be the precise word of God and is not to be questioned.

I could never believe this claim. The simple fact that the Quran was not even written down until 30 years after the death of Muhammad leaves room for human corruption. What if the tradition of a preserved text was thought of by a human being and not by God? This is highly likely. Of course, when I raised this question, I was told the memorization of the Quran for the last 1,400 years proves its preservation. But even with the memorization of the Quran, human error plays a big role. And don’t get me started on the male bias. Before Islam can truly begin to reform, Muslims have to get over the idea the idea that the Quran is undoubtedly divine.

Consequently, I have left the faith. I am an agnostic. Despite all of this, I still feel compelled to learn about Islam because it is a very big part of who I am. I think of myself as a non-observant Muslim.” - Farrah

“I am proud to be a Muslim. I, as an individual, decide about my religion. Nobody can interfere. If Western values are tolerance, democracy, justice, equality, and freedom, then I live in a Western country: TURKEY. Let me give you some examples of why I call it Western.

The liberal paper Radikal: A columnist named Mine Kirikkanat tells about her theory the version of the Kouran we know today is not original. The original has been destroyed. Fundamentalists go wild!

The centrist-right paper Hurriyet: Homosexuals want change in the anti-discrimination laws to include sexual orientation.

The centrist Milliyet: Editor says that the educational system should be revised to promote diversity.

These are the hot topics of a Western democracy, aren’t they? Yes, we have conservatives and fundamentalists. But we have democracy, which is missing in other Muslim countries!

The Islamist party governing Turkey declared recently that the party is not Islamist anymore. It does not rely on religious characteristics. They now call themselves conservative democrats. They talk about human rights all the time. They complain about secular laws forbidding headscarves in all public places such as schools. And they want to join the European Union. Are they genuine? I don’t know. But they are learning about discrimination and starting to care for democracy, after decades of pressure from civil organizations, the army, etc.

Why do I tell you these things? Because I think that change in religious laws comes from social and political changes. Democratic societies are the basis of change. Western people look at other parts of the world in an orientalist way. According to them, all problems stem from Islam and the primitive cultures of those countries. I challenge them. I know their history and development. I know about Matthew Shepard [a young gay American who was beaten and killed in 1998]. I know about slavery in the USA. In USA, homosexuals, whites, and black people generally live in separate parts. In Turkey, we live together — Jews, Muslims, Kurds, Turks, etc. We learn tolerance every day.

The trouble, I think, is not with Islam (or Christianity or Judaism). As an old religious figure in Turkish history said seven centuries ago, ‘Love all the creatures because of the one who created them.’ The most important thing in my religion is humanity.” - Adil

Irshad replies: You make a very compelling case for why diversity of expression and appearance can exist among Muslims. But as you point out, in Turkey the pressure for pluralism came not from Islam; it came from non-religious forces such as the army and civil society groups. The trouble with Islam — namely, literalism — has been moderated. Who’s been the most moderating influence? By your own admission, those outside of Islam. That’s another reason why I believe non-Muslims have a crucial role to play in helping Muslims tame Islam.

I live for the day when more young Muslims can talk about love as the driving force of their faith. Until then, we must listen to young Muslims who have different experiences.

“After reading the Quran last summer, I was amazed at how many contradictions there were! But when I debate with my Muslim friends (who consistently tell me that Christianity is not the whole Truth, or the word of God), they have an excuse for everything I challenge them with. The thing that gets me is, they talk as if they know the Bible like the back of their hand. But if you talk to them about the Quran, and you’re not a Muslim, then they always say you could never understand. :-(” - Ryan

“I must state that some Muslim cultures are a symbol of progressive tolerance. My own background is Christian Bosnian, and I have seen some horrific things happen to Bosnian Muslims during the war in the early 1990s. Even though Bosnian Muslims suffered most during that war (some 200,000 victims), it was the Muslim population that chose progressive social democratic government in their cantons in the 2000 election, while the Serbs and Croats decided to stick to their rigid nationalist extremists. Even today, we see that the only multi-ethnic, pluralistic and democratic institutions function primarily in predominantly Muslim territories, while extremist and xenophobic leaders are still in power among Serbs and Croats. Muslims definitely have to be given credit for this.” - Sasha

“Around the time of the fatwa against Rushdie, I was an ESL teacher and I attended a weekend retreat about Islam. We listened to speaker after speaker tell of the pain caused by Rushdie’s book. We politely questioned the severity of the death sentence and cautiously advocated freedom of speech. In different ways with each new speaker, we got the same reply: ‘but he insulted the Prophet!’ We danced around this way for the entire un-stimulating weekend, and I left with only one insight from the exercise: Westerners value the rights of the individual; Muslims believe that the individual is not important and can be sacrificed for the good of the group. Thank you for presenting a thoughtful alternative that gives hope for the future of our world.” - Grant

“It is my understanding that most major conflicts are preceded by a bulge in the population of young males, which makes me quite pessimistic that this period in human history can be navigated without a major conflict. The Islamic world is experiencing a population explosion of unprecedented proportions. Most large families are poor and cannot afford a traditional, secular education for their children. The Wahabbis, with the support of Saudi oil wealth, have filled the void. They are today teaching millions of poor young Muslim boys around the world one of the most intolerant and violent forms of Islam. When these boys reach manhood, their brains are hard-wired into hate and devoid of knowledge. They live in societies that are sexually repressive, but their bodies are producing testosterone overtime. High testosterone levels are known to produce aggression and heightened stimulation. In Thailand, where I live, young Buddhist men at least have dancing, music and women as outlets for their testosterone-induced energy. But what is a poor, young, Muslim adolescent male, living in a sexually repressive culture, to do? It seems to me the only outlet is jihad.” - Ron

“Having several Muslim friends, I see their struggle with how to fit into a faith that doesn’t fit into them. Your words and convictions are paving the way for a generation of people to find meaning and an honest approach to the fact that we all belong and all have the right to choose a faith for the right reasons. You are more ‘Muslim’ than any other I have seen or heard of. Continue to share the love and knowledge that you do.” - Jim

“I’m currently doing a masters degree in Arab history — learning Arabic and also studying Islam. Once I opened up your book, I couldn’t put it down. Yours is an excellent reminder to NEVER EVER lose sight of our invaluable internal litmus-tests for fairness, tolerance and pluralism. And not to be afraid to name what I see, however unpopular doing so might be. We, all of us, need Muslims like you who are willing to stand up and take back what is rightfully yours: your faith. To wrest it from the hands of those who have hurt, twisted and abused it. To demand that it belongs to all of you, not just men, and not just the powerful, and certainly not those who are just using its name to justify other agendas. Where the establishment has failed, brave Muslims are the only ones who can build a new one that won’t. Insh’Allah [God willing], you will. Human to human, woman to woman, Jew to Muslim: Stay strong.” - Lauran, Tel Aviv

“My name is Hamza and I am currently in high school. I was born to Pakistani parents. I want to congratulate you and encourage you on your initiative to help reform Islamic practices. We really need that. I also want to say that I hope you don’t leave Islam, like you said you might. We really need people like you in Islam. I have some personal issues that I’ve been trying to sort out, and issues with my family, and you’ve kinda been a role model for me. But sometimes you criticize Islam too much. Perhaps you should endorse the true, open-minded, peaceful, forward-thinking Islam more than bashing the ill-practiced Islam in the world today. I wish you the best of luck.” - Hamza

Irshad replies: Like you, I think it’s vital to promote a positive vision rather than merely complain about what’s wrong. Which is why, in The Trouble with Islam, I outline a global campaign to promote innovative approaches to Islam. It all begins with recognizing that Muslims are capable of being more thoughtful and humane than our clerics give us credit for. Your email is proof positive. So are the next two…

“As a young, open-minded Muslim, you can count on my unstinted and unreserved support. The work you have done and are doing is crucial. I am glad there is someone out there, like you, who has the guts to say it all. We Muslims no doubt have to reform ourselves. God bless you, Irshad.” - Sheeraz

“I didn’t read your book because I live in Jordon. They wouldn’t allow it. Thinking is forbidden. But I read an article criticizing you in the local newspaper and I did my search on the web. I never thought someone else could see in a similar way as I do. Islam needs a reform movement. It’s about time to re-think the whole thing.

I believe in mind, not myth. One of the greatest errors in the ‘divine religions’ is that the god who created them didn’t install a protection mechanism for the future generations. The point is: working hard and learning to offer a better life for the next generation so they can live successful, healthy and happy is the best way to worship god… Social success requires a lot of work and knowledge. Many religious Muslims escape to religion to cover their failure.

I don’t mind being part of a group, but the group that Islam represents is the furthest one from me. I prefer ‘faith’ much more than ‘religion.’” - Tareq

“What is the trouble with Islam??? Like, are you a Jew??

I was at a party all the people were talking about you. I didn’t know who you were at first. But then they showed you on TV and websites. I just want to say that you come on TV and talk about Islam and the rights or whatever, but in real life, everyone is making fun of you!!” - Seema

Irshad replies: If they didn’t care, they wouldn’t be talking — or videotaping my TV appearances! I’m flattered. Please convey my gratitude to your friends.

“I have listened to your crap about Islam and Muslims and I don’t appreciate your shallow arguments that are meant to please your bosses, who would like more than anything else to stab Islam and Muslims.

You make no sense, take it from me. I am not a religious Muslim but I have a lot of sympathy for my brothers and sisters who are being targeted, demonized and often insulted by those who work in the media, such as yourself. I am pro-Bin Laden, anti-American, anti-Israel, and anti-people such as yourself who have absolutely no conscience and no morals, yet they get to work in the media and spit their poison and filth all over the networks.” - M. Merza

Irshad replies: You accuse me of having “no conscience and no morals” but you proudly trumpet your support for Usama Bin Laden. Thank you for showing me that there’s more than one way to “make no sense.”

“I converted to Islam two years ago and I’ve grown so disgusted with other Muslims’ violent rhetoric that I almost gave up on Islam. Sick people praising terrorism, Osama, the Taliban and Saddam. Muslims claiming that if you do not support Osama you are not a Muslim. Others blaming Jews for 9/11 and for everything else in the world. It’s what I like to call the Muslim Victim Mentality.

Why do so many Muslims bash Jews? Why so much oppression of women in Muslim countries? Why do so many Muslims think I must act like an Arab and dress like an Arab to be Muslim? Why the Arab superiority in Islam?

Thanks for being strong, Irshad. You give me strength not to give up. One last thing. Are you Persian? Your name seems Persian.” - M

Irshad replies: Yep, my name has Persian roots. “Irshad” means “the divinely guided moderate one.” Not that everyone is convinced. Check out the next letter…

“I’m sorry but your book is quite offensive to many Muslims. You do not have a clear understanding of this beautiful faith that has been distorted by your interpretations. May Allah guide you back to your truth faith.” - Rabia

Irshad replies: I appreciate your prayer. Since one good turn deserves another, I’ll say a prayer for you too — asking God to open your mind and heart to debate.

“Let me start off by saying how useful your book really is. I found that it is, in fact, much cheaper to use as toilet paper than your average toilet paper packages. Although, I do have a complaint: the pages are a bit rough in certain areas and I have sensitive skin. Then a wonderful idea crossed my mind. You would definitely sell more books if the book came with a moisturizer (Dove specializes in this). Better yet, I feel it would be a shame if you did not merge with the infamous Charmin. Please tell me that you will at least think about this. I guarantee that it would do some good to your sales, although many would prefer traditional methods of hygiene. As for your image, there is not much I can say or suggest to improve that. Hiring a publicist might be useful (or firing your current one). Good luck and keep writing.” - Falaha

Irshad replies: Greeting Rough Buns! Regarding my image problem, uh, I’m not the one describing my bathroom habits to the world. But I am relieved (so to speak) that your bowel movements seem regular. That means you’re picking up my book regularly, too. Bottom line: I’ll never need a publicist as long as I have you.

“You’ve caused quite a stir, I’ve notice. Lately, when I’ve seen you television, my overwhelming urge is to kiss you on your forehead and thank you for the great gift of open dialogue. I would also like to thank you for allowing us as Muslims to viscerally feel the divisions that still exist in our hearts. The Straight Path is also exceptionally wide.” - Blake

“In all my life as a Muslim, I never heard of ijtihad [Islam’s lost tradition of independent thinking]. All I heard was, who are you to question Allah? We follow, even when the so-called Islamic clerics and leaders spout venom, hatred, intolerance and violence against dhimmis [Christians and Jews who are supposed to be protected by the Koran]. I pity all the innocents whose lives have been ruined or lost by listening to, and carrying out, the fatwas prescribed by the doomsayers. With an eternal promise of ‘wide-eyed virgins,’ is it little wonder why there seems to be an abundance of morons willing to immolate themselves, listening to cowardly clerics who love life too much to practice what they preach? Why don’t they take up these virgins themselves?

And what about female immolators? What is their promise in heaven? Nothing. Why am I not surprised? We all know that women have no consequence as far as Islamic clerics are concerned. Or, maybe they are guaranteed the same wide-eyed virgins in heaven. Heaven must therefore be every lesbian’s dream come true.” - Abdul

“You are searching for excuses for your sexuality and trying so hard to make Islam look as bad as you can so that you can look good… You know deep inside that what you are doing — whether in writing, debating, or in the bedroom — is wrong. I need one favor from you. When you go to sleep, turn the lights off and make the room very dark. Think of yourself in the grave that you will end up laying in sooner or later, with the dirt all over your body. Think of how you will be forgotten, just like the billions of people who have passed. Then think of what your response will be to the questions from God.” - Pilot

Irshad replies: You’re right. Supposed God asks: ‘What the hell were you thinking when you agreed to be buried beneath a pile of dirt and to let your body rot away in the pitch dark? Did I not give you the option of cremation, so that you can return to much more of the earth than just a hole somebody has dug for you? What’s that? Your mother told you that burial is decreed by Islam? Hello? Do I not say in the Koran: Let there be no compulsion in religion? What’s wrong with you, girl?’

What, indeed, will I say then?

“I come from a Muslim background. My mother is a French-Canadian and my father Egyptian… Today, at 35, I find myself engaged to a wonderful man of character who is not Muslim. This has caused great upset to my father, and he has informed me that my Egyptian family will never accept it. If I do this, I cannot visit them again in the Middle East. I’m having trouble understanding why, under Islam, my father can easily marry a French-Canadian woman, yet I have no right to choose my own partner.

I also refuse to ask my fiance to convert. I believe in accepting a person for who they are, and I refuse to engage in the hypocrisy of ‘converting’ just to satisfy someone else’s religious beliefs. I would hope that more people of Muslim background marry outside of their religion, if only to increase tolerance and understanding this world.” - Mariam

Irshad replies: Speaking of the need to increase tolerance in this world, get a load of the next letter.

“Regardless of your religious views, you are indirectly supporting the Jewish-run media in North America and, of course, they will see to it that you get as much airtime as possible… What makes you think you are not offending others who do not share your beliefs?” - Anonymous

Irshad replies: If my opposition to Jew-bashing offends you or anybody else, deal with it. There is no constitutional right not to be offended. That’s what allows you to spew your poison, and me to counter it. Just one question: Why does Israel have such a lousy public image if North American media is “Jewish-run”?

“As a Jew, I’m enraged at the number of times I hear about the global conspiracy I am a part of - mainly because nobody bothered to let me in on it! So I thought that through your bosses at Mossad, Irshad, you know people involved in this Jewish/Zionist conspiracy. In which case, please be so kind as to forward them my details with a request for back payment.” - Naomi, London

Irshad replies: Your cheque is in the mail.

“I was so impressed when I read about you and your book! At last, someone who would speak freely about such issues! The main struggle is that your book won’t be available here in the Persian Gulf area, and we won’t have a translation in Arabic.” - Hessa, United Arab Emirates

Irshad replies: Not so fast, Hessa. My publisher and I are trying to find an Arabic-language publisher. If we don’t find one in the next few months, then at the very least we’ll have the book translated into Arabic and posted on this website. The Arabic translation will appear before the end of 2004. Stay tuned…

“Your book is awesome. This, coming from a fellow Muslim and one who isn’t afraid of thinking! Like you, I’ve noticed many contradictions in the Islamic faith, but I felt I wasn’t versed enough in the literature to make judgment calls. I’m grateful that you’ve taken the time to do so much research.

I can remember having a conversation with my former sister-in-law about Muslims versus other People of the Book [Jews and Christians]. Despite having a graduate degree and living in Montreal, she carefully explained to me that ‘all non-Muslims will go directly to hell.’ I persisted in pushing her argument to its most illogical conclusion, but her zeal was unmovable. You, I’m sure, have encountered similar intellectual impasses.

I’m thrilled by your writing style, with its mix of questioning and sarcasm that is just delightful!! I nearly out of my chair laughing at the anecdote about 70 virgins (raisins). What a hoot!” - Farah

“My life is becoming more and more influenced by Islam and, being female, I have decided that I need a battle plan to be able to maintain my rights. What I’m discovering is the chances of having a good debate with someone is slim, largely because of this wall that you’ve described.

Here is a real life example. Last weekend at the laundromat, someone left behind a book entitled Jihad Versus McWorld. I looked at it, but kept reading yours. The owner came back for it, a 30-something man I’ve seen around the neighborhood. I asked him how his book was and showed him what I was reading. He didn’t really look at first but he did ask me what I thought of it. I told him that I was curious and had lots of questions. I said that you were asking some of the questions that I couldn’t be seen to ask, lest I be considered racist/pro-West/whatever. I appreciated that you were going past the politically correct zone. He looked at my book for real this time and said “that woman” had her facts wrong, “that woman” didn’t separate religion from culture. I replied that I thought “that woman” hadn’t missed his point — that, in fact, this was her point: if anything good is going to be salvaged, separations better start being made, and fast. I felt that there were similarities that could be drawn to the Catholic Church, where the Church has had to acknowledge that the practice of religion has been flawed, but that many priests and parishes have managed to acknowledge this without compromising the beliefs, values and teachings of the Church.

Well, this guy was done talking to me, so it didn’t matter. The most ironic part is that if I had been a Muslim woman, would the conversation have gone that far?” - Stephanie

Your letters - posted January 1, 2007 (Part 3)

Posted in Q & A on Jan 01, 2007

“I would be interested in your reasons for remaining a Muslim. What are the advantages to a belief in Islam as compared to a belief in Christianity?” - D.M.

Irshad replies: I’m no spiritual supremacist, so I don’t know (or care) if Islam is a “better” belief than Christianity. But I remain a Muslim because I believe in certain values. Chief among them? Pluralism.

For one thing, Islam is a mongrel religion. It owes its “biggies” to traditions and civilizations that preceded it. A single creator for us all, everlasting life after death, our inherent ability to choose good over evil, free will, the existence of prophets, the fact that these prophets are human and prone to error — such cornerstones of Islamic belief come from Judaism.

Similarly, the Koran affirms that Jesus did not die, but was lifted up by God to heaven. Christ is to return at the end of time (Koran 43:61). Sounds awfully Christian to me!

But maybe the best illustration of pluralism can be found in what I consider to be Islam’s defining moment: the Night of the Ascension. That’s when Prophet Muhammad reportedly flew to heaven and mixed and mingled with the 124,000 prophets preceding him. According to Islamic lore, Muhammad took many lessons from these Jewish and Christian prophets.

I won’t abandon Islam unless and until I lose all hope that Muslims care more about narcissism than about pluralism. I’m not there yet.

“I hail your sincerest effort to reform Islam. Long before you, many tried to paint a human face on Islam, in vain. But no one escaped the wrath and brutality of Islam. You have raise your finger against so-called holy scripture, the Koran, thus triggering the death penalty against you as an apostate. There is no shortage of jihadis to carry out the Koranic mandate to silence you for good. No Muslim in heaven or on earth will shed a tear for you.

Irshad, tell me frankly: How could you reform this religion? Your shahadah (testimony) - “There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is His Messenger” - is the core of Muslim belief. I beg your pardon, but the reformation of Islam and acceptance of Muhammad as the last messenger of God don’t go hand in hand.” - Kamal

Irshad replies: You may very well be right, Kamal. But it all depends on whether we accept Muhammad as A messenger of God or as THE messenger of God. For me, the answer is the former. That’s because the Koran talks about 124,000 messengers and names 26 in particular. Within that group, 5 are called “prophets of power” - Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus and Muhammad. So how can I say that Muhammad is THE messenger of God? Such a statement violates the Koran and negates the pluralistic foundation on which Islam was founded.

As for those Muslims who insist that Muhammad is the “seal” of the Prophets, I consider that statement akin to idol worship. Abraham was an iconoclast in expressing his fidelity to one God rather than to one human being. Muslims would to do well to follow in his footsteps.

“I must say I am appalled by the determination of American media to show us only representations of fundamentalist (and mostly male) Muslim culture. You are a hero for the truth and the understanding of all faiths and beliefs. As a 26-year-old woman, I see it as tough work to find young voices that speak of anything more than celebrity, wealth and the muddy politics of their parents. I wish you success, peace and open minds in all of your travels.” - Megan

“I recently tried to borrow your book from our local library. Alas, it had been destroyed and I now have to wait for it to be replaced. Either some idiot doesn’t want me corrupted by your views or your publisher has a very diabolical way of increasing sales.” - E.P.

Irshad replies: Since you’re willing to wait for the book to be replaced, my publisher’s strategy to increase sales has failed miserably. Back to the drawing board…

“Your book means a lot and gives me ammunition to discuss things with fanatical Muslims, who are plentiful nowadays. They are not only closed-minded, but I consider them dangerous to the true meaning of Islam. As an Ismaili Muslim, I can assure you that our Imam emphasizes equal rights for women and has always encouraged us to use our intellect. Even though Ismailis are making so many contributions to enhancing Islam’s image around the world, we are always chastised — by OTHER Muslims — for being different.” - Nazir

Irshad replies: I hear you, Nazir. In fact, among the most common personal attacks that I get from fellow Muslims is this: I “must” be an Ismaili. Uh, hello? Am I supposed to feel wounded by that comment? For the record, I’m not an Ismaili, but why should being one be considered shameful? Why is it an insult? Let it be said loud and clear: I stand shoulder to shoulder with my Ismaili brothers and sisters who are working for a more thoughtful and humane Islam. Before we Muslims start accusing Christians and Jews of slandering us, we should take responsibility for how we slag each other based on silly sectarianism.

“I have nothing against the fact that you expressed your views about Islam, although it incenses that you chose to do so at a time when Islam seems to be under the microscope. People who do not know what Islam was pre-September 11 may hold your book as the truth about it and not care to learn all the other aspects of our great religion. You should stress more the main positive characteristics of Islam before continuing with the negative aspects in order to educate a society where people are hungry for knowledge about Muslims. As people continue to stare at us, or try to urn us over with their cars (which has recently happened to me), I would like you to realize that your book may be contributing hardship to the lives of your Muslim brothers and sisters. You are not exempt from what many people believe about Muslims. You are still one of us.” - Anonymous

Irshad replies: Thanks for the warning. But have you bothered to read my book? If so, then you’ll know that I emphasize what was once positive, pluralistic and progressive about Islam, and that we as Muslims can re-discover it if we care and dare to. Seems to me that you’re committing the same mistake you accuse others making, which is to wallow in comfortable pre-conceptions.

And that brings me to a basic contradiction in your argument. On the one hand, you say that society is “hungry for knowledge about Muslims.” On the other hand, you suspect that people will stop reading once they’ve finished my book. If people are hungry, then why would they treat my book as the last word in learning about Islam? You give me far too much power (am I really responsible for convincing drivers to run you over?), and you give the general public far too little credit. Indeed, the reason I wrote the book now is precisely because people are interested in Islam. Any effective social activist knows that getting society to care is half the battle. Why stay silent at the very time when people are open to listening?

Two pieces of advice: First, those who try to mow you down with their cars are criminals; report them to the police. Second, have more faith in your fellow human beings, just as you would have them do for you.

“On the surface, you and I could not be more different. I am a 46-year-old male. I live in the United States. I am a Christian (Presbyterian). I am married. And I consider myself a political conservative. But I think that what you are doing and saying is beautiful, because it is truth. After all, couldn’t the sequel be called The Trouble with Religion? All major religions, including Christianity, focus on narrow, legalistic ideas and try to prove each other wrong. I believe that God is tolerant and just, and human beings use religion as a means to impose their views on others.” - Marc

Irshad replies: Thanks for reminding us that political conservatives don’t all think alike.

“You seem to project your own inconsistencies (which, of course, we all have) onto a faith in a rather careless manner. Your writings provide little evidence of having done a careful exegesis of the various source texts and translations in a manner that might possibly give some credibility to your lamentations. Instead, your grievances come across as somewhat disingenuous, your overriding concern seeming to be hip and vogue for the sake of notoriety. At root, your writings suggest a problem with the idea of faith itself, especially when it conflicts with your own personal views.” - Jim

Irshad replies: Sorry to spring another personal view on you, Jim, but I see this book as an act of faith rather than a repudiation of it. That’s because I distinguish between faith and dogma. Faith, I think, is sturdy enough to handle exploration. Faith is not threatened by questions. Dogma, on the other hand, is.

“As a prison chaplain [in the UK] and manager of religious affairs, I have to cater to all faiths. I’m proud to say that I have two imams on my staff who play a full part in the life of the prison, not just lead prayers on Friday afternoon. However, I find them very ready to speak of their faith, but they will not learn about mine. I showed them your book and expressed my fascination with your views, yet they would not comment. I also showed them a letter in the London Times, written by Muslim academics who called on senior Muslims to condemn the violence against Americans in Iraq. Once again, they refused to comment. Irshad, if you are planning to visit England in the near future, I would welcome you to the prison where I work.” - Reverend Julian

Irshad replies: And trust me, Rev, there are more than a few Muslims who’d love to see me in jail! I’ll let you know when I’m back in Britain.

“I don’t know where to begin this letter to you. I am ashamed that I have not acted to help change the world for the better. I have been a silent Muslim Refusenik. While I sat around, you acted. While I listened, you spoke. What I observed, you wrote.

When I was 18, I was in Pakistan surrounded by my elders. It was the largest gathering of the male members of my extended family that I had ever been at. Talk centered around world politics, the plight of Muslims, education, etc. Eventually, one of my father’s uncles asked me what I was thinking. I opened my mouth and said, ‘You know who the biggest enemies of Islam are? Muslims.” The silence was quite deafening. That day, I shattered something that all the king’s horses and all the king’s men couldn’t put to back together again. I was branded ‘to be watched’ and the preaching began and continues to this day. My parents wish to remote control me no matter where I am.

Just knowing that you’re out there fighting the good fight makes me feel more alive. I hope it helps you continue the fight to know that one more person believes in your premise, observations, statements and ideas.” - Khalid

“You remind me of Afro-Americans like [Supreme Court justice] Clarence Thomas, [national security advisor] Condaleezza Rice, [Congressman] J.C. Watt and [Secretary of State] Colin Powell, who sold out their Afro-American credentials to the Republican Party to gain affirmative action appointments.” - Tanzila

Irshad replies: Afro-American ‘credentials”? Honey, that’s so 1980s. Please join the 21st century and think about this: Why should skin color dictate thought pattern? Isn’t it racist to assume it should? And why do you automatically reduce these individuals to ‘affirmative action appointments,’ neglecting that Watts fought and won an election or that Rice was provost at Stanford? I’ll need some thoughtful answers before I can be shamed into believing that I’ve ‘sold out’ my Muslim credentials. Meanwhile, don’t forget to forward your ideological clock to 2004.

“I have long believed that dissent plays a role in the creation of a healthy civilization. I recognize the value of pluralism and diversity, as well as the importance of intellectual curiosity in the critical exploration of dogmas. You have reinforced my belief that wherever they are asked, questions can facilitate constructive adaptation to a world in constant flux.

However, I am concerned that in the post-911 world, your questioning of Islam can be misconstrued by anti-Islamic racists who would use your insights to further their intractable hatred. How do you manage independent thought to serve the cause of reform without contributing to blanket condemnations of a venerable tradition?” - Matthew

Irshad replies: It’s as you’ve already said, Matthew – ask questions, but ask them out loud. That way, you’re creating conversations rather than making sweeping statements. For example, the next time you hear somebody wax eloquent that Islamic societies today have their own forms of democracy, you need only interject with a question: What rights do women and religious minorities actually exercise in these ‘democracies’? Not in theory, but in reality. Some will no doubt accuse you of fanning racism by asking such questions, but I believe the opposite. What you’re is showing faith in the capacity of my fellow Muslims to think things through.

Remember, too, that the accusation of ‘racism’ is a convenient sledgehammer with which to shut down inquiry. Don’t fall for it. Just as there’s nothing inherently ant-Semitic about questioning some Israeli government policies, so it’s not necessarily racist to to be questioning certain practices that are carried out in the name of Allah.

Of course, there will always be some folks who use your questions and mine to fortify their prejudices. But there will also be some who pull themselves back from the brink of racism precisely because they now see Muslims engaging in critical thought – thanks to questions asked. I’ve posted letters like this. Check them out.

“I’m a muslim struggling with your ideas. As you know, the word ‘muslim’ means to submit, and this has always been taught to me as ’submitting to God’s will.’ Do you believe in this idea?” - Nabil

Irshad replies: Ultimately, I do believe in submitting to God’s will. What I do NOT believe in is submitting to human beings who claim to know God’s will. How do I reconcile these two things? With this bridge: God wills all of us to have the freedom to explore.

I take that idea from the Koran itself. As I explain in my book, the Koran contains three recurring messages. First, only God knows fully the truth of anything. Second, God alone can punish unbelievers, which makes sense given that only God knows what true belief is. Human beings must warn against corrupt practices, but that’s all we can do to encourage piety - warn. The third recurring message follows from the first two: We humans must have the humility to be open to debate. Which means we’re free to ponder God’s intention for us without any obligation to toe a dictated line. ‘Let there be no compulsion in religion,’ states a voice in chapter 2 of the Koran. ‘Unto your religion, unto me my religion’ echoes another voice in chapter 109. And in-between, there’s this: ‘If God had pleased, He would have made you all one people. But He has done otherwise…’ Ain’t that the truth!

By my reading of the Koran, we should not only enjoy the freedom to explore; we have to ensure that this freedom exists for everyone. Anything less undermines God’s jurisdiction as the supreme judge and jury. As a Muslim, I worship the majestic and enigmatic God, not the self-appointed arbiters and packagers of His will.

“Irshad, there is only one thing I don’t like about The Trouble with Islam. When you quote historical documents, scholars, etc., you don’t provide source references throughout the text. I realize it would make the book feel more like a PhD thesis, but there is nothing like showing proof, especially to bigots.” - Jerry

Irshad replies: I understand your concern, but I address it clearly in my book by pointing out that all of my source notes are posted on my website. I realize that makes the sources less immediately accessible than they would be if I included them in the book itself. And you’re right: Putting the sources on my site instead of in the book gives ammunition to those who say I don’t back up my statements.

At the same time, I stand by my decision for several reasons: Considering that I corroborate every statement, the book would have been far less readable if a footnote followed each sentence. Keep in mind the my book is an open letter, and the flow of the conversation matters as much as the substance. Also, adding fifty pages of footnotes would have made the book expensive – inaccessible to young and working class people. For me, ‘democracy’ isn’t just a thesis; it’s a practice I try to live out. Finally, do more trees really need to be mowed down for the sake of my credibility with bigots? Let them have their bigotry. I’ll keep my integrity.

“I want you to think carefully about this statement: Humans make the colossal mistake of thinking that ‘believing’ creates reality.

I have long believed that about 2.5 feet in front of me, above my head and out of reach of my hands, there is a yellow tennis ball. I cannot touch it, yet it is there. Books have been written about it being there. Many human minds say it is there. People from several thousand years ago tell me it is there by providing a multitude of reasons and proofs. BUT I have never been able to prove it is there except from the words of humans.

As I read your book, I asked the same question of Islam as I do of Christianity: Where is the acknowledgement in these beliefs of this incredible thing we call the human mind?” - DM

Irshad replies: Moderate Christians accept that the Bible is a compendium of gospels “according to” different observers - Matthew, Luke and so forth. ‘According to’ means as interpreted by them. But no such acknowledgment exists in Islam yet. Even moderate Muslims believe that the Koran is the final, immutable word of God, untouched by the human hand and mind. Which is why most Muslims have no clue how to debate or dissent with extremists - we’ve never been introduced to the possibility, let alone the virtue, of asking questions about our holy book. It’s time to change that…

“Muslim fundamentalists scream about the Bible being changed, but they never accept the fact that the Koran was compiled by human beings. Omar [an early successor to Prophet Muhammad] messed around with it a lot and made his changes prevalent, just like Constantine did with the Bible. But we have to keep this strictly hush-hush, don’t we? I’ve tried to have rational conversations about it with people, but unfortunately have yet to find even one who has any sense of history and the slightest inclination to put two and two together!” - Kash

Irshad replies: Kash, meet one such person below…

“It is amazing how modern converts to Islam are indoctrinated to think that the text of the Quran remains in its original format. Little do they know that by the 13th century, there were several different versions. In the interest of perpetuating the myth that the Quran was dictated by God Himself (in Arabic, because Arabic is the only language He speaks), the elders at the Islamic university in Cairo, Al-Azhar, proclaimed one of those versions to be ‘definitive.’ A human decision, alas!

Please hang in there, Irshad. Do not let any of the fanatics discourage you. May Allah give you more power!!” - Avicenna of Canada

“As another queer Muslim who considers herself a moderate, I find a fundamental failing in your analysis. The trouble with Islam is the trouble that ALL religions have. That the history of Islam is unpleasant is a fact, but that doesn’t mean it is so because the teachings are flawed. Islam’s history is tainted because it became more a struggle of power, and this is true for every religion. You have specifically held Islam culpable by claiming in that is the only religion in which literalism is mainstream. But no other religion is free of that.” - Dazed

Irshad responds: You say no other religion is free of literalism. I agree. But not being free of something is very different from being saturated with it. Moderate Christianity is not free of literalism yet neither is it steeped in literalism. I illustrate this point over and over again in the book.

For example, you’ll recall that I once hosted a program called QueerTelevision. When I aired anti-gay comments from Bible-citing Christians, other Christians would be sure to follow up with rival, more compassionate, less literal interpretations. That NEVER happened when Muslims bawled me out. Apparently, there was no question that they spoke for Islam. All of it.

It’s not that every last Muslim objects to homosexuality. The problem runs deeper: even ‘moderate’ Muslims are to believe that the Koran is the final manifesto of God’s will. Consequently, most Muslim ‘moderates’ don’t know how to pierce the literalism of Muslims extremists. With few exceptions, Islam’s ‘moderates’ wallow in their own literalism by refusing to question whether the Koran is completely authored by God. The same, I would humbly submit, cannot be said for moderate Christians and Jews today.

“I caught your BBC interview and was pleased to hear your commentary on the seeming lack of critical and independent thinking among the Islamic populace worldwide. I’ve been waiting to witness a pro-active, anti-terrorism stance by members of the ‘moderate’ Islamic community. However, I’ve come to the conclusion that there are no moderate Muslims - only Muslims who consider themselves perpetually victimized.

I’ve asked other Muslims to prove me wrong, to demonstrate that there are rational, thinking ‘believers’ willing to speak out. Their reaction has been uniform. They all suggest that to speak against other Muslims is to speak against Islam itself. If so, then there’s only one conclusion: terrorism is in fact born of Islam and not simply the action of zealous fringe elements.” - Frank

Irshad replies: I share the premise that moderate Muslims, especially in the West, are morally complicit in Islamic terror by staying silent about it - or, worse, making excuses for it. I single out Muslims in the West because it’s in the West that we have the precious freedoms to think, express, challenge and be challenged, all without fear of state reprisal.

What in God’s name are we doing with those freedoms? Why is it so easy to draw thousands of Muslims into the streets of cities around the world to protest the French ban on the hijab (headscarf), but impossible to get even a fraction of those protestors to demonstrate publicly against stonings, beatings, floggings and murders that are committed in Allah’s name? At the very least, why aren’t we protesting Saudi Arabia’s imposition of the hijab - a crime at least as bad as France’s ban of it!

We Muslims should ask ourselves a very basic question: What’s the moral value of being complacent?

“I’m sorry to say but your book is garbage, attacking Islam with scant knowledge of what Islam stands for. I used to have a feminist leaning, viewing Islamic law with suspicion. But once I learned about Islam properly, I realized my big mistake.

Islam never oppresses women, but tries to save them. I don’t feel oppressed at all. I realize that what Islam teaches is truth, nothing but truth. Only people screw that up. And people like you, under Oriental influence, question the teaching of Islam. You should repent for what you are doing.” - Linda

Irshad replies: How is it un-Islamic or, for that matter, Orientalist to promote critical thinking?

As that celebrated ‘Orientalist’, Edward Said, once asked Arabs: “Why don’t we fight harder for freedom of opinion in our own societies, something that nobody needs to be reminded scarcely exists?”

“Just a point to consider about faith - and faith in reason. There is a very great difference between saying that I have faith in the veracity of the trinity - or of pink elephants flying through the sky - and saying that, on the basis of all evidence available to me, in light of my best, most consistent logical evaluation, all other conditions being equal, water boils at 100 degrees centigrade. I do not accept this proposition on faith because it can be judged by objective criteria.

To speak in terms of faith as a private belief, or trust, or commitment of spirit is one thing. But it is when a revealed religious faith becomes a ruling political principle that all hell breaks loose - because there are no objective criteria for resolving differences. It literally becomes a contest of revelations.” - Edward

Irshad replies: Funny thing is, many Muslims argue that science is the man-made and therefore subjective orthodoxy which people in the West accept at face value - otherwise known as faith. By contrast, their argument goes, Islam is God-made and so its objectivity trumps that of science. According to this way of viewing the world, you’ve got it backwards, Edward. Such confusion only attests to how profoundly brainwashed you’ve been by secular, materialistic, dogmatic science. Care to respond?

And the beat goes on…

“I saw you speak at a university recently, and was pleased to hear that you’re donating money from your book sales to Doctors Without Borders/Medecins Sans Frontieres. I want to know why you picked them rather than any other group.” - Sarah

Irshad replies: When I visit campuses, I come in the spirit of pluralism. Doctors Without Borders/Medecins San Frontieres practices pluralism every day. It treats victims of political conflict as human beings, not as mascots of one side or another. I’m especially gratified that in a recent report, the organization recognized Palestinian terror against Israelis to be as heinous as Israeli humiliation of Palestinians. Most human rights organizations equivocate on this issue, downplaying the pain of Israelis or dismissing it outright. All I ask for is honesty. Doctors Without Borders/Medecins San Frontiers gave it to me. In turn, I’m giving them a portion of my royalties.

“I am a 54-year-old mother of two half-Arab children. I know something about Islam. Keep it up, young woman. Your lippy, defiant edge is great. It conquers the lunacy.” - Louise

“The following trademark claim of yours borders on outlandishness: ‘I appreciate that every faith has its share of literalists. Christians have their Evangelicals. Jews have the ultra-Orthodox. For God’s sake, even Buddhists have fundamentalists. But what this book hammers home is that only in Islam today is literalism mainstream.’

The post-WWII Zionists have used explicit religious literalism to effect political change in the Middle East, namely as grounds for displacement of the Palestinian people, based upon the literal interpretation that they were promised that holy land. If that is not mainstream, I do not know what is.

You found an easy way to make a name for yourself. ‘Hey, I’m a Muslim. This is why Islam sucks. Here’s my headshot.’ You are an imitation Salman Rushdie (whose picture is ironically on your website). He would have been a second-rate children’s author. Now everyone knows his name. Get an original idea.” - Sid

Irshad replies: Hmmm… Considering how often I’m compared to Salman Rushdie, I should be advising you to get an original insult. But I won’t. What I do recommend is that you get a more nuanced understanding of the Palestinian refugee crisis.

You can start by reading the memoirs of Khaled al-Azm, the prime minister of Syria during the first Arab-Israeli war. In those memoirs, al-Azm wrote about “the call by the Arab Governments to the inhabitants of Palestine to evacuate it and leave for the bordering Arab countries, after having sown terror among them.” He added that “since 1948 we have been demanding the return of the refugees to their homes. But we ourselves are the ones who encouraged them to leave.” So much for Israel being completely on the hook for the Palestinian refugee crisis.

Sid, can you accept shared culpability for the Palestinian plight - shared, that is, by both Arabs and Jews? If not, then may my photo with Rushdie provide you many more hours of hang-wringing and mouth-foaming. As if that will change anything for the better.

“As a reasonably well-read Muslim, I fully support the buckets and buckets of challenges you have placed at the door of ‘the establishment.’ Like you, I have had a chance to visit Israel (a childhood dream of mine because my parents and relatives were so rabidly anti-Jewish that I needed to go see for myself). Suffice to say that the Palestinian areas are so under-developed that it leaves one speechless. Still, I would be baffled if all Muslims with active minds do not have thoughtful debates with their families upon reading or hearing of your challenges. I trust you have the intestinal fortitude to withstand what will most certainly be an unrelenting attack on your your sanity, devotion, and morality. I thank you for starting a process that is long overdue.” - Siraj

“As I understand it, you want mainstream Islam to become tolerant, open, liberal. However, as some of the mail on this website shows, some these ideas are perceived as ‘foreign’ and part of Western influence. Updating the religion on the basis of foreign influence may seem unpalatable to many Muslims - especially when there is a huge political gap between much of the Muslim world and the West. Yes, ijtihad [Islam’s lost tradition of independent reasoning] may have been part of your religion 600 years ago, but even then, did Islam accept homosexuality? Were Christians and Jews not perceived as second-class citizens? Will a revival of ijtihad incorporate all these utterly new, post-Enlightenment ideas? Without a Muslim revolution in thought - a homegrown liberalization - how can these ideas take root in a big way?” - Paul

Irshad replies: For me, liberalizing Islam need not mean that Muslims accept homosexuality or even the righteousness of Jews and Christians. At this stage, liberal reform is about accepting only one thing: debate. Anything less undermines God’s jurisdiction as the supreme judge and jury. And who am I - who is any of us - to usurp that mantle?

You say that liberalization must be ‘homegrown.’ Does that mean it can’t start with Muslims in the West? If not, why not? Remember that Arab Muslim civilization gave birth to the European renaissance. Ibn Rushd, among Muslim Spain’s greatest philosophers, was a feminist even by post-Enlightenment standards. Bottom line: Muslims and the West are interdependent. If more of us knew this, would we be so quick to equate ‘Western’ influence with foreign influence?

“I am glad to see people take advantage of the democracy and freedom of speech that we have in this great country. But I believe you have a bigger plan. It would all seem like a conspiracy to make money off Islam. How can you call yourself a Muslim when you pick only the parts of the religion you want to follow? Also, you have said that the Quran has contradictions. How can you believe in a religion or a holy book that has contradictions? Finally, Islam says that if your brother is